金屬材料5052鋁板的疲勞斷裂性能對其產(chǎn)品的安全使用壽命有著非常重要的影響。隨著線彈性和彈塑性斷裂力學(xué)的發(fā)展和失效安全設(shè)計原則在鋁板生產(chǎn)廠家實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用，結(jié)構(gòu)材料特別是高強(qiáng)度合金的疲勞和斷裂韌性的重要性越來越明顯。
　　The fatigue and fracture properties of 5052 aluminum plate have a very important influence on the safe service life of its products. With the development of linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics and the application of failure safety design principles in the actual production of aluminum plate manufacturers, the importance of fatigue and fracture toughness of structural materials, especially high-strength alloys, is becoming more and more obvious.

　　目前，疲勞強(qiáng)度和斷裂韌性以及常規(guī)強(qiáng)度和耐腐蝕性已經(jīng)被列為鋁合金的四大主要評價指標(biāo)，只有在這些方面才能滿足設(shè)計和使用的要求，才能稱得上具有良好的綜合性能。
　　At present, fatigue strength and fracture toughness as well as conventional strength and corrosion resistance have been listed as the four main evaluation indexes of aluminum alloy. Only in these aspects can meet the requirements of design and use, and can it be called good comprehensive performance.
　　鋁板的微觀組織由基體和各種第二相組成。根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，疲勞和斷裂韌度與以下幾個方面密切相關(guān):
　　The microstructure of aluminum plate is composed of matrix and various second phases. According to the existing experimental results, fatigue and fracture toughness are closely related to the following aspects:
　　(1)組織中相對較大的不溶性硬相顆粒，主要為含鐵、硅等元素的雜質(zhì)相，熱處理中也有部分不溶性硬相顆粒。它是由合金的成分和純度以及鋼錠的凝固速度決定的。粗硬相顆粒的數(shù)量和分布主要取決于鋼錠的成分、純度和凝固速度。
　　(1) The relatively large insoluble hard phase particles in the structure are mainly the impurity phase containing iron, silicon and other elements. Some insoluble hard phase particles are also found in the heat treatment. It is determined by the composition and purity of the alloy and the solidification speed of the ingot. The quantity and distribution of coarse and hard phase particles mainly depend on the composition, purity and solidification speed of ingot.
　　(2)中等大小的硬相顆粒，尺寸為0.01 ~ 0.5 m，通常為富含Mn、Cr、Zr等元素的金屬間化合物。鋁錠結(jié)晶后，這些成分大多以超飽和固溶體的形式溶解在基體中，在均質(zhì)化和熱處理過程中析出。因此，它們的尺寸比類粒子小。其形貌分布特征主要由均勻退火和壓力加工系統(tǒng)決定。
　　(2) Medium sized hard phase particles, 0.01-0.5m in size, are usually intermetallic compounds rich in Mn, Cr, Zr and other elements. After aluminum ingot crystallization, most of these components are dissolved in the matrix in the form of supersaturated solid solution and precipitated during homogenization and heat treatment. As a result, they are smaller in size than the first type of particles. The morphology distribution is mainly determined by the uniform annealing and pressure processing system.
　　(3)時效析出相小，尺寸為0-0.5 PM。如高強(qiáng)度鋁合金相S和高強(qiáng)度鋁合金相n。析出相組織由合金成分和熱處理(包括變形處理)控制。
　　(3) The size of precipitated phase is 0-0.5pm. Such as high-strength aluminum alloy phase s and high-strength aluminum alloy phase n. The precipitated phase structure is controlled by alloy composition and heat treatment (including deformation treatment).
　　(4)基體的晶粒結(jié)構(gòu)，包括晶粒尺寸、形貌、晶界性質(zhì)和粒間位錯結(jié)構(gòu)。
　　(4) The grain structure of the matrix includes grain size, morphology, grain boundary properties and inter grain dislocation structure.
　　(5)合金中鈉、氫的含量對合金的斷裂有很大的影響，增加了氫脆和鈉脆的現(xiàn)象，使合金脆性增大。此外，夾雜物和氧化膜對5052鋁合金的斷裂影響較大，因此為了獲得良好的疲勞強(qiáng)度和斷裂韌性，必須保證合金具有良好的冶金質(zhì)量。
　　(5) The content of sodium and hydrogen in the alloy has a great influence on the fracture of the alloy, which increases the phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement and sodium embrittlement and makes the alloy brittle. In addition, inclusions and oxide film have great influence on the fracture of 5052 aluminum alloy. Therefore, in order to obtain good fatigue strength and fracture toughness, it is necessary to ensure that the alloy has good metallurgical quality.
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